Olive trees in the world: past and present with future perspectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712312024143Keywords:
Olive tree cultivation, Olive oil production, Olea europaea L., Climate changeAbstract
The cultivation of the olive tree is of great economic importance worldwide. For the 2022-2023 harvest, were produced around 3,010,000 Mg of olive oil and 2,955,500 Mg of table olives of selected varieties, managing to establish itself in approximately 56 countries with different environments. In most of the cultivated areas only monovarietals were used, but mixtures of varieties have been recommended, which act as pollinators, avoiding reproduction problems. Furthermore, global warming also affects production efficiency and the quality of derived products. The olive grove underwent important changes due to genetic improvement. However, despite modern molecular tools, most of the work continues to be based on agronomic classical methods such as crossing and selection in progeny, delaying the development of new varieties. Models with high resolution climate projections are being used, allowing predicting the future evolution of the olive tree. Unfortunately, Brazil produces only 0.2% of its internal consumption and therefore has become the world's second largest importer after the United States to cover the growing demand. Based on this information, this review aims to discuss the adjustments in olive growing, which has been gaining more and more areas dedicated to its cultivation in Brazil.
Downloads
References
ACKERMANN M & GORGA L. 2019. Situación de la cadena del olivo. Opypa, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, República Oriental del Paraguay. p.511.
ADAKALIC M & LAZOVIC B. 2018. Morphological, chemical and molecular characterization of ‘old olive’ (Olea europaea L.) from Montenegro. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 61:1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2018170767
ALAGNA F et al. 2019. The Paradox of Self-Fertile Varieties in the Context of Self-Incompatible Genotypes in Olive. Front. Plant Sci 10: 725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00725
ALBA V et al. 2009. SSR-based identification key of cultivars of Olea europaea L. diffussed in Southern-Italy. Science Horticulturae 123: 11-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2009.07.007
ALFIERI SM et al. 2019. Adaptabilidad de los cultivares de olivo a nivel mundial a la disponibilidad de agua en el futuro clima mediterráneo. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change 24: 435-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-018-9820-1
ANTOGNOZZI E & STANDARDI A. 1978. Influenza dell'epoca di trattamento con prodotti cascolanti sulla redditività del lavoro di raccolta nella cv. Moraiolo. Riv. Ortofrutt. It. 62: 269-176.
ARENAS-CASTRO S et al. 2020. Projected climate changes are expected to decrease the suitability and production of olive varieties in southern Spain. Science of the total environment 709: 136161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136161
ARSEL H & CIRIK N. 1994. General Overview of Olive Breeding in Turkey. Olivae 52: 25-27.
AYERZA R & COATES W. 2004. Protein and oil content, peroxide index and fatty acid composition of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) grown in six tropical and sub tropical ecosystems of South America. Tropical Science 44:131-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ts.154
BANDINO G & DETTORI S. 2003. Manuale di olivicoltura. Consorzio Interprovinciale per la Frutticoltura Cagliari-Oristano-Nuoro. p.219.
BARRANCO D. 1995. La elección varietal en España. Olivae 59: 54-58.
BARRANCO D & RALLO L. 1984. Las variedades de olivo cultivadas en Andalucía. Departamento de Pomología ETSIA, Universidad de Córdoba. Junta de Andalucía Consejería de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, España. p.107-111.
BARRANCO D & RALLO L. 2000. Olive Cultivars in Spain. Horttech 10: 107-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.10.1.107
BARTOLINI G et al. 1988. Drought and watering-dependent oxidative stress: effect on antioxidant content in Triticum aestivum L. leaves. Journal of Experimental Botany 50: 373-381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jexbot/50.332.373
BESNARD G et al. 2013. The complex history of the olive tree: from Late Quaternary diversification of Mediterranean lineages to primary domestication in the northern Levant. Proc R Soc B: Biol Sci 280: 20122833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2833
BESNARD G et al. 2018. On the origins and domestication of the olive: a review and perspectives. Annals of Botany 121: 385-403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcx145
BRANCA G et al. 2021. Are there opportunities for climate-smart agriculture? Assessing costs and benefits of sustainability investments and planning policies in Southern Africa. Journal of Cleaner Production 278: 123847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123847
CABALLERO JM & DEL RÍO C. 2005. Bancos de Germoplasma (Banco de Germoplasma Mundial de Córdoba). In: RALLO L et al. (EDS.). Variedades de olivo en España (Libro II: Variabilidad y selección). Madrid: MAPA. p.237-246.
CAVAGNARO P et al. 2001. Discriminación de variedades de olivo a través del uso de caracteres morfológicos y de marcadores moleculares. Agriscientia XVIII: 27-35.
CHACÓN-ORTIZ A et al. 2022. Characterization and heritability of fruit from olive cultivars in the south of Brazil. Bragantia 81: e7022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220048
CHIAPPETTA A et al. 2017. New rapid procedure for genetic characterization of Italian wild olive (Olea europaea) and traceability of virgin olive oils by means of SSR markers. Scientia Horticulturae 226: 42-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.08.022
CIVANTOS L. 2004. La Olivicultura en el Mundo y en España. In: BARRANCO D et al. (Eds). El Cultivo del olivo. 5. ed. Madrid: Mundi-Prensa. p.17-36.
COI. 2007. Método de valoración organoléptica del aceite de oliva virgen extra que opta a una denominación de origen. T.20/Doc. n. 4/Ver.1. Madrid. p.29.
COI. 2000. Catálogo mundial de variedades de olivo. Madrid: Cuéllar. p.360.
COI. 2021a. The origin and expansion of olive tree. Available in: www.internationaloliveoil.org. Access on: Fev.07, 2023.
COI. 2021b. El olivo y el cambio climático. COI Newsletter 164: 40.
COI, 2023. Statistics. Available in: https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/IOC-Olive-Oil-Dashboard-2.html#production-1. Access on: Fev.07, 2023.
COUTINHO EF et al. 2009. Cultivo de oliveira (Olea europaea L.): clima. Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado. p.125.
CUEVAS J et al. 2001. Response to cross pollination and choice of pollinisers for the olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’, ‘Hojiblanca’ and ‘Picual’ Olivae 85: 26-35.
CUEVAS J & PINILLOS V. 2006. Polinización artificial en olivo recolección. Agricultura 75: 418-424.
CUEVAS J & POLITO V. 2004. The role of staminate flowers in breeding system of Olea europaea (Oleaceae): An andromonoecious, wind-pollinated taxon. Ann. Bot. 93: 547-553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mch079
DANTAS A et al. 2005. Viabilidade do pólen e desenvolvimento do tubo polínico em macieira (Malus spp.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 27: 356-359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452005000300005
DE CANDOLLE P & LOUIS A. 1982. Origine des plantes cultivees. Paris: G. Bailliere. p.377.
DE LA ROSA R et al. 2002. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in olive (Olea europaea L.) and their transferability to other genera in the Oleaceae. Molecular Ecology Notes 2: 265-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2002.00217.x
DE LA ROSA R et al. 2007. Preliminary results of an olive cultivar trial at high density. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58: 392-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AR06265
DONOSO J et al. 2006. Comportamiento fenológico del olivo (Olea europea L.) en tres localidades de la VI región, temporada 2005-2005, INIA Chile.
DRAGO D. 2015. Caracterización de la flor, cuajado y frutos de cultivares autóctonos de olivo en El Maestrazgo (Castellón). Dissertation (PhD) - Universitat Politècnica de València. 187p.
ESPAÑA. 2021. Los paisajes del Olivar en Andalucía, historia milenaria de un mar de olivos. Propuesta para la inscripción en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial. Volumen I. Diputaciones de Jaén, Córdoba, Sevilla, Cádiz, Granada y Málaga; Universidades públicas de Andalucía, Fundación Savia y Fundación Guillén. p.368.
FABBRI A & BENELLI C. 2000. Flower bud induction and differentiation in olive. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 75: 131-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2000.11511212
FABBRI A et al. 2009. Olive breeding. In: MOHAN JS & PRIYADARSHAN PM (Eds). Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Tropical Species 12: 423-465. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71201-7_12
FENDRI M et al. 2010. Simple sequence repeat identification and endocarp characterization of olive tree accessions in a Tunisian germoplasm collection. HortScience 45: 1429-1436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.45.10.1429
FENDRI M. 2011. Discriminación varietal en polen de olivo (Olea europea L) mediante características morfológicas y marcadores microsatélites. Dissertation (PhD) - Universidad de Granada. 234p.
FLORÊNCIO GWL et al. 2019. Impacts of climatic changes on the vegetative development of olive cultivars. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23: 641-647. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n9p641-647
FRAGA H et al. 2019. Climate change projections for chilling and heat forcing conditions in European vineyards and olive orchards: a multi-model assessment. Climatic Change 152: 179-193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-018-2337-5
FRAGA H et al. 2021. Mediterranean Olive Orchards under Climate Change: A Review of Future Impacts and Adaptation Strategies. Agronomy 11: 56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010056
GARCÍA J. 2012. La biodiversidad del olivo (Olea europaea l.) en Colombia: estudio molecular, morfológico y fenológico del germoplasma. Dissertation (PhD) - Università Degli Studi di Parma. 84p.
GOBBATO C. 1945. Cultura da oliveira e noções sobre a industrialização das azeitonas. Porto Alegre: Centro. p.118.
GOMES P. 1979. Olivicultura no Brasil. São Paulo: Melhoramentos. p.208.
GONZÁLEZ F & CEBRINO J. 2016. The importance of pollen counts in the air: an example. Revista de Salud Ambiental 16: 43-51.
GUERRERO-MALDONADO N et al. 2016. Olea europaea in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In: SAN-MIGUEL-AYANZ J et al. (Eds.). European Atlas of Forest Tree Species. Publ. Off. EU, Luxembourg. p.e01534b+.
GULLÓN P et al. 2020. Valorization of by-products from olive oil industry and added-value applications for innovative functional foods. Food Research International 137: 109683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109683
GUTIÉRREZ G. 2007. Diagnóstico del cultivo de olivo en la región Arequipa Perú. Competitividad Innovación Desarrollo. p.103.
HIDALGO J. 1993. Algunas notas para la historia del olivo en Arica. Idesia 12:31-50.
INFANTE-AMATE J et al. 2016. The making of olive landscapes in the south of Spain. A history of continuous expansion and intensification. In: AGNOLETTI M & EMANUELI F. (eds.) Environmental history. Biocultural diversity in Europe 5: 157-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26315-1_8
INFAOLIVA. 2019. Situación de Mercado del Aceite de Oliva 2019-2020. Federación Española de Industriales Fabricantes de Aceite de oliva.
KANIEWSKI D et al. 2012. Primary domestication and early uses of the emblematic olive tree: palaeobotanical, historical and molecular evidences from the Middle East. Biological Reviews 87: 885-899. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00229.x
LANGGUT D et al. 2019. The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence. The Holocene 29: 902-922. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683619826654
LAVEE S et al. 1996. The floral biology of the olive: effect of flower number, type and distribution on fruit set. Scientia Horticulturae 66: 149-158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(96)00941-7
LOUKAS M & KRIMBAS C. 1983. History of olive cultivars based on their genetic distances. Journal of Horticultural Science 58: 121-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00221589.1983.11515099
MANZANARES P et al. 2020. Processing of extracted olive oil pomace residue by hydrothermal or dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis in a biorefinery context. Renewable Energy 145: 1235-1245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.120
MARCH L & RIOS A. 1989. El libro del aceite y la aceituna. Madrid: Alianza Editorial, S.A.
MARTÍN-PUERTAS C et al. 2009. The Iberian-Roman Humid Period (2600-1600 cal yr BP) in the Zoñar Lake varve record (Andalucía, southern Spain). Quat. Res 71: 108-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.10.004
MARTINS FB et al. 2020. Climate projections of chill hours and implications for olive cultivation in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pesq. Agropec. bras 55: 01852. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01852
MEKURIA G et al. 1999. Genetic variability between different accessions of some common commercial olive cultivars. J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol 74: 309-314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1999.11511114
MORA F et al. 2007. Estratégias Fundamentais para o desenvolvimento da cultura da oliveira no Brasil. Revista Trópica: Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas 1: 66.
MOUSAVI S et al. 2019. Plasticity of fruit and oil traits in olive among different environments. Scientific reports 9:16968. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53169-3
NEWTON C et al. 2006. The Egyptian olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) in the later first millennium BC: origins and history using the morphometric analysis of olive stones. Antiquity 80: 405-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00093716
OLIVEIRA D & BASTOS D. 2011. Biodisponibilidade de ácidos fenólicos. Química Nova 34: 1051-1056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422011000600023
OTEROS J et al. 2013. Modelling olive phenological response to weather and topography. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 179: 62-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.07.008
OTEROS J. 2014a. Modelización del ciclo fenológico reproductor del olivo (Olea europea L.). Dissertation (PhD). Universidad de córdoba. 187p.
OTEROS J et al. 2014b. Better prediction of Mediterranean olive production using pollen-based models. Agron. Sustain. Dev 34: 685-694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0198-x
ÖZKAYA MT et al. 2004. Genetic and biologic characterization of some olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars grown in Turkey. Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi 10: 231-236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000899
OZTURK M et al. 2021. An Overview of Olive Cultivation in Turkey: Botanical Features, Eco-Physiology and Phytochemical Aspects. Agronomy 11: 295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020295
PALOMO-RÍOS E et al. 2021. Olive (Olea europaea L.) genetic transformation: current status and future prospects. Genes 12: 386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12030386
PEREIRA WL et al. 2015. Ação antiproliferativa do flavonoide morina e do extrato da folha de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) contra a linhagem de célula H460. Rev. bras. plantas med 17: 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-084X/14_020
PONTI L et al. 2014. Olive bioeconomics under climate warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111: 5598-5603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314437111
RAE. 2023. Diccionario electrónico de la lengua española. Available in: https://www.rae.es. Access on: March.01, 2023.
RALLO L. 2005. Variedades de Olivo en España. Junta de Andalucía: Mundi-Prensa.
RODRIGO-COMINO J et al. 2021. Climate Aridity and the Geographical Shift of Olive Trees in a Mediterranean Northern Region. Climate 9: 64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli9040064
RODRÍGUEZ-ROJAS T et al. 2015. Viabilidad de polen, receptividad del estigma y tipo de polinización en cinco especies Echeveria en condiciones de invernadero. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 6: 111-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v6i1.743
RUIZ C. 2016. Oliveira (Olea europaea L.): Armazenaento de pólen, propeirades do estigma e efeitos de defensivos agrícolas na microsporogênese. Dissertation (PhD). Lavras: UFL. 60p.
RUIZ C et al. 2018. Storage of pollen and properties of olive stigma for breeding purposes. Revista Ciência Agronômica 49: 291-297. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20180033
SÁNCHEZ-ESTRADA A & CUEVAS J. 2018. Pollination Strategies to Improve Fruit Set in Orchards of ‘Manzanilloʼ Olive in a Nontraditional Producing Country, Mexico. Hortecnology 29: 258-264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH04231-18
SANTOS F. 2016. Variabilidade genética de acessos de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Clima Temperado – RS: baseadas em critérios fisiológicos, morfológicos e moleculares. Dissertation (PhD), Pelotas: UFP. 126p.
SANTOS C et al. 2019. El Cultivo del Olivo ante el Cambio Climático. Córdoba. Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible. Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (SERVIFAPA), p.1-18.
SCHWINGSHACKL L & HOFFMANN G. 2014. Monounsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and health status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lipids Health Dis 13: 154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-13-154
SEAPDR. 2020. Folder do Programa Estadual de Olivicultura. Available in: https://www.agricultura.rs.gov.br/pro-oliva. Access on: nov.15, 2022.
SEDGLEY M. 2000. Wild olive selection for quality oil production. A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. RIRDC Publication No 00/116 RDC Project No UA-41A. Available in: https://rirdc.infoservices.com.au/items/00-116. 2000. Access on: march 02, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6701(00)91034-8
SEIFI E. 2008. Self-Incompatibility of Olive. Dissertation (PhD) University of Adelaide. 181p.
SENAMHI. 2019. Boletín de pronóstico de riesgo agroclimático del cultivo del olivo en la cuenca del Rio Caplina. Informe Técnico 4. SENAMHI-DMA-SPC. P.10.
SENAMHI. 2020. Boletín de pronóstico de riesgo agroclimático del cultivo del olivo en la cuenca del Rio Caplina. Informe Técnico 5. SENAMHI-DMA-SPC. P.10.
SIBBETT G et al. 1992. Effect of Topically Applied ‘Sevillano’ Pollen on Normal seeded and Parthenocarpic “Shotberry” Fruit Set of ‘Manzanillo’ Olive. Hort Technology 2: 228-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.2.2.228
SILVA L. 2011. Caracterização agroindustrial de cultivares de Oliveira com potencial econômico para o Sul de Minas Gerais. Dissertation (Master´s Degree). Lavras: UFL. 84p.
SILVA E & REBOITA M. 2014. Estudo da Precipitação no Estado de Minas Gerais-MG. Revista Brasileira de Climatologia 13: 120-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5380/abclima.v13i0.33345
SILVA JMC et al. 2019. Extinction risk of narrowly distributed species of seed plants in Brazil due to habitat loss and climate change. Peer J 7: e7333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7333
SKODRA C et al. 2021. Desarrollo y maduración del fruto de la aceituna: avance hacia el lado “-Omics”. En t. J. Mol. Sci 22: 5806.
SOLERI D et al. 2010. Comparing the historic olive trees (Olea europaea L.) of Santa Cruz Island with contemporaneous trees in the Santa Barbara, CA area: a case study of diversity and structure in an introduced agricultural species conserved in situ. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57: 973-984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9537-9
TAGUAS F. 2009. El cultivo del olivo en el departamento de Boyacá-diagnóstico y plan de acción-. Bogotá: Ediciones cisnecolor. p.83.
TERAMOTO J et al. 2010. Histórico da introdução da cultura da oliveira no Brasil. Infobibos-Organização de Eventos Científicos, Cursos e Treinamentos. Available in: http://www.infobibos.com/Artigos/2010_4/Historico Oliveira/index.htm. Access on: Nov.10. 2022.
TOUS J et al. 2003. Plantaciones superintensivas en olivar: comportamiento de 6 variedades. Agricultura 851: 346-350.
WREGE M et al. 2011. Atlas climático da região sul do Brasil: estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado. 332 p.
WREGE M et al. 2015. Distribuição potencial de oliveiras no Brasil e no mundo. Rev. Bras. Frutic. 37: 656-666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-2945-174/14
WU-BIAO W et al. 2002. Sexual compatibility within and between olive cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 77: 665-673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14620316.2002.11511554
ZOHARY D & SPIEGEL-ROY P. 1975. Beginnings of fruit growing in the old world. Science 187: 319-327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.187.4174.319
ZOHARY D et al. 2012. Domestication of plants in the Old World: the origin and spread of cultivated plants in Southwest Asia, Europe, and the Mediterranean Basin. 4.ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199549061.001.0001
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors & Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in this journal are in agreement with the following terms:
a) Authors maintain the copyrights and concede to the journal the copyright for the first publication, according to Creative Commons Attribution Licence.
b) Authors have the authority to assume additional contracts with the content of the manuscript.
c) Authors may supply and distribute the manuscript published by this journal.
