Estudo do Perfil do Café Civet Liberica Artificial com Fermentação em Biorreator de Tanque Agitado usando Bacillus subtilis

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712412025188

Palavras-chave:

Bacillus subtilis, Biorreator, Fermentação, Café Libérica

Resumo

A Província de Jambi é uma das maiores produtoras de café da Indonésia. Uma característica notável do café Liberica é sua capacidade de crescer bem em solos de turfa com altos níveis de acidez, enquanto outros tipos de café não se adaptam adequadamente. No entanto, processos pós-colheita deficientes e tratamentos insuficientes têm contribuído para a redução da qualidade do café Liberica. A fermentação é um processo metabólico que utiliza nutrientes químicos, como açúcares, aminoácidos e até minerais, em reações tanto aeróbicas quanto anaeróbicas. A fermentação do café é amplamente reconhecida por aumentar o valor do perfil sensorial e melhorar sua atividade antioxidante. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar o efeito da fermentação artificial do café Civeta Liberica in vitro utilizando um biorreator de aço inoxidável no perfil sensorial e na análise proximal. O estudo começou com o design do biorreator, o processo de fermentação e a análise dos resultados da fermentação do café Liberica. Os resultados mostraram que a fermentação aumentou o teor de cinzas e de água, enquanto reduziu o teor de gordura, proteína e carboidratos. O gás residual de fermentação mais elevado utilizando o biorreator foi o CO₂, atingindo 400 ppm. O perfil sensorial do café Liberica submetido à fermentação in vitro com biorreator demonstrou uma melhoria nos escores sensoriais, passando de 80,41 para 81,75. No entanto, esse valor ainda é inferior ao alcançado por métodos tradicionais de fermentação, que chegaram a 86,30. Nossos achados revelaram que a fermentação em biorreator pode melhorar o perfil sensorial do café Liberica e mostra-se promissora para aumentar o valor da commodity de café Liberica. A otimização do processo de fermentação utilizando biorreatores precisa ser realizada para obter resultados ainda melhores.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

ADITIAWATI A et al. 2020. GC/MS‑based metabolic profiling for the evaluation of solid-state fermentation to improve quality of Arabica coffee beans Metabolomics 16: 57.

AFRILIANA A et al. 2018. Fermented Technology of Robusta Coffee Beans (Canephora Coffee) With Kefir Milk to Produce Specialty Coffee. Advances in Engineering Research 172: 302–309.

BARUS WBJ. 2019. Pengaruh lama fermentasi dan lama pengeringan terhadap mutu bubuk kopi. Wahana Inovasi, 8(2): 111–115.

CARDER G ET AL. 2016. The animal welfare implications of civet coffee tourism in Bali. Universities Federation for Animal Welfare. 25 199-205.

DE BRUYN F et al. 2017. Exploring the impacts of postharvest processing on the microbiota and metabolite profiles during green coffee bean production. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 83: e02398–e2416.

DE CARVALHO NETO D et al. 2017. Yeast diversity and physicochemical characteristics associated with coffee bean fermentation from the Brazilian cerrado mineiro region. Fermentatio 3: 11.

DE CARVALHO NETO DP et al. 2018. Efficient coffee beans mucilage layer removal using lactic acid fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor: Kinetic, metabolic and sensorial studies. Food Bioscience 26: 80–87.

DEWI KH et al. 2012. Kajian Komposisi Bahan Baku Kopi Ginseng Lau dan Kopi Ginseng Panax. Proseding Seminar Nasional Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia.Universitas A. Yani. Bandung.

GEINITZ B et al. 2020. Gas Fermentation Expands the Scope of a ProcessNetwork for Material Conversion: Review Article. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 92: 1665–1679.

GUNTORO S. 2010. Proses Memproduksi Kopi Luwak Probiotik. Proposal Paten. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Bali, Denpasar.

FAUZI M et al. 2017. Karakteristik Kimia Kopi Luwak Robusta Artifisial Terfermentasi Oleh Ragi Luwak Dan Α-Amilase. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian, 14 No. 3: 144–53.

FIORESI, DB et al. 2021. Mid infrared spectroscopy for comparative analysis of fermented arabica and robusta coffee. Food Control. 121, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107625

HAILE M & KANG W H. 2019a. The role of microbes in coffee fermentation and their impact on coffee quality. Journal of Food Quality 2019: 6p.

HAILE M & KANG WH. 2019b. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents of fermented green coffee beans with selected yeasts. Fermentation 5: 29.

HANIFAH N & KURNIAWATI D. 2013. Pengaruh larutan alkali dan yeast pada proses pembuatan kopi fermentasi. Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Dan Industri, 2(2), 162–168.

HATININGSIH S et al. 2018. Microbiological And Physicochemical Changes Of Green Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Fermentation In Kintamani, Bangli, Bali. Scientific Journal of Food Technology. Vol. 5, No.2, 123 – 138.

ICO. 2019. INTERNATIONAL COFFEE ORGANIZATION. Total production by all exporting countries Retrieved 20 Jam 2020, from: https ://www. ico.org/price s/po-produ ction .pdf.

JUMHAWAN U et al. 2013. Selection of discriminant markers for authentication of Asian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak): A metabolomics approach. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 61: 7994–8001.

JUMHAWAN U et al. 2015a. Application of gas chromatography/flame ionization detector-based metabolite fingerprinting for authentication of Asian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak). Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 120: 555–561.

JUMHAWAN U et al. 2015b. Application of gas chromatography/flame ionization detector-based metabolite fingerprinting for authentication of Asian palm civet coffee (Kopi Luwak). Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 120: 555–561.

KADIC E & HEINDEL TJ. 2010. Mixing considerations in stirred tank bioreactors when using fluid property altering microorganisms. In: 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting and 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Proceeding of the ASME. p.859–870.

KITZBERGER CSG et al. 2020. Flavor precursors and sensory attributes of coffee submitted to different post-harvest processing. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 5(4), 700–714.https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.700.

KIYAT WE et al. 2019. Review: Potensi mikrobial selulase, xilanase, dan protease dalam fermentasi kopi luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) secara in vitro. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22 (2): 58–66.

LATIEF M et al. (2023). Coffee Improvement by Wet Fermentation Using Lactobacillus plantarum: Sensory Studies, Proximate Analysis, Antioxidants, and Chemical Compounds. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Environment. 7 (2). 134-148. https://doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v18i2.32708

LEE LW et al. 2016. Modulation of coffee aroma via the fermentation of green coffee beans with Rhizopus oligosporus: I: Green coffee. Food Chemistry, 211:916–924, 2016.

MARDIANA R et al. 2021. Pengaruh Suhu Roasting Terhadap Perubahan Kadar Lemak, Kadar Asam Total, dan Morfologi Mikrostruktural Kopi Robusta. Prosiding The 12th Industrial Research Workshop and National Seminar. 4-5 Agustus 2021, Bandung. 151-156.

MARTINEZ SJ et al. 2021. Novel stainless steel tanks enhances coffee fermentation quality. Food Research International 139: 109921.

MULLER, A. J et al. 2013. “Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Quality of Diferent Brand of Roasted Cofee Soluble and in Powder Marketed in the region of Vale do Taquari/RS”. Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Agroidustrial. 7:1004-1012

MAWARDHI AD & SETIADI D. 2018. Strategi Pemanfaatan Lahan Gambut Melalui Pengembangan Agroforestri Kopi Liberika (Coffea Liberica) (S. Herlinda (Ed.).). UNSRI Press. p.43–51.

MOLDVAER A. 2014. Coffee obsession: flavoursome beans and barista techniques over 100 global recipes. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.

PAMUNGKAS MT et al. 2021. Pengaruh suhu awal dan lama penyangraian (roasting) terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia pada seduhan kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L) dari Kabupaten Gayo, Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal AGROTECH. 3(2): 1-10.

PANGGABEAN E. 2011. Perbandingan Karakteristik Fisis Kopi Luwak (Civet Coffee) dan Kopi Biasa Jenis Arabika. Jurnal Kimia, 2 (2): 68-75.

PEREIRA DMGV et al. 2014. Isolation, selection and evaluation of yeasts for use in fermentation of coffee beans by the wet process. International Journal of Food Microbiology 188: 60–66.

PEREIRA DMGV et al. 2019. Exploring the impacts of postharvest processing on the aroma formation of coffee beans—A review. Food Chemistry 272: 441–452.

SAHACHAIRUNGRUENG W et al. 2022. Assessing The Levels Of Robusta And Arabica In Roasted Ground Coffee Using Nir Hyperspectral Imaging And Ftir Spectroscopy. Foods 11: 1-13. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Foods11193122

SARAGIH B et al. 2021. Profile of FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) and comparison of antioxidant activity of coffee with tiwai (Eleutherine americana merr). Pap 6th Int Conf Food, Agric Nat Resour. 16: 27-31. https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220101.005

SHARMA R. et al. (2020). Microbial Fermentation and Its Role in Quality Improvement pf Fermented Foods. Fermentation. 6 (4) 1-20. https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/6/4/106

SILABAN R et al. 2023. Pengaruh jenis kemasan terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori kopi arabika gayo dengan metode pengolahan semi basah. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, 18(2):13

SIMATUPANG M et al. 2023. FTIR-ATR fingerprinting of robusta and arabica coffee fraction and its correlation with their antioxidant activity. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 34(1):70-85.

SUHARYONO & BUSYRA B. 2019. Potensi, Kendala Dan Prospek Pengembangan Kopi Liberika: Studi Kasus Petani Kopi Liberika Kelurahan Mekar Jaya Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Jambi. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi 3: 93–99.

SUTRISNO et al. 2020. Pengembangan Obat Antibiotik Baru Dari Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea Arabica), Robusta (Coffea Canephora), dan Liberika (Coffea Liberica) Jambi Untuk Menanggulangi Resistensi Obat Antibiotik. Laporan Penelitian PNBP LPPM Universitas Jambi.

SUTRISNO et al. 2022. Laporan Penelitian Pengembangan: Inovasi Kopi Fermentasi (KOFE) dan Kopi Rempah (KORE) untuk Meningkatkan Sensori dan Senyawa Kimia Kopi Liberika.

TARIGAN IL et al. 2024. Enhancement of Liberica Coffee Quality by Wet Fermentation using Bacillus Subtilis. Alchemy Jurnal Penelitian Kimia.

TAWALI AB et al. 2018. Pengaruh Fermentasi Menggunakan Bakteri Asam Laktat Yoghurt Terhadap Citarasa Kopi Robusta (Coffea Robusta) Canrea Journal: Food Technology, Nutritions, And Culinary Journal 1: 90–97.

USMAN D et al. 2015. Fermentasi Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Menggunakan Isolat Bakteri Asam Laktat Dari Feces Luwak Dengan Perlakuan Lama Waktu Inkubasi. Jurnal Akademika Biologi 4: 31-40.

WANG N & LIM LT. 2012. Fourier Transform Infrared And Physicochemical Analyses Of Roasted Coffee. J Agric Food Chem 60: 5446-5453.

WHELAN BL et al. 2023. Welfare and Management of Civets in Civet Coffee Tourism Plantations. Journal Of Applied Animal Welfare Science. 27 (3). 561-574.

WILUJENG AAT & WIKANDARI PR. 2013. The Effect of Fermentation Time of Arabica Coffe (coffea Arabica) with Lactobacillus plantarum B1765 Lactic Acid Bacteria to the Product Qualites. UNESA Journal of Chemistry. Vol. 2 (3): 1-10.

YUHANDINI I et al. 2008. Analisis Mutu Kopi Sangrai Berdasarkan Tingkat Mutu Biji Kopi Beras. Indralaya: Program Studi Teknik Pertanian Universitas Sriwijaya.

ZAINUDDIN A & TOMINA S. 2021. The Effects of Long Fermentation on Phisical and Chemical Characteristics of Pinogu Coffee. Gorontalo Agriculture Technology Journal. Volume 4, No.1, 35-43.

Downloads

Publicado

2025-08-12

Como Citar

SUTRISNO, Sustrisno; TARIGAN, Indra Lasmana; RAMADHAN, Ilham Ifandi; AFRIANTO, MFicky; LATIEF, Madyawati. Estudo do Perfil do Café Civet Liberica Artificial com Fermentação em Biorreator de Tanque Agitado usando Bacillus subtilis. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Lages, v. 24, n. 1, p. 188–204, 2025. DOI: 10.5965/223811712412025188. Disponível em: https://revistas.udesc.br/index.php/agroveterinaria/article/view/25831. Acesso em: 7 set. 2025.

Edição

Seção

Nota de Pesquisa - Multiseções e Áreas Correlatas

Dados de financiamento