Polimorfismos de proteína do leite e haplótipos de caseína em gado Blanco Orejinegro da Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712312024117Palavras-chave:
beta-lactoglobulina, leite de vaca, variantes do gene CSN, proteínas do leiteResumo
O objetivo foi determinar a variação genética nos genes CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, CSN3 e LGB em bovinos Blanco Orejinegro. 419 animais de 15 rebanhos foram genotipados com chips GGP Bovine 150 K (n= 70) e 50 K (n= 349). Foram obtidas informações de 43 SNPs nos genes mencionados e as variantes proteicas *B, *C e *D de αS1-CN; *A1, *A2, *B, *H2 e *F de β-CN; *A e *D de αS2-CN, *A, *A1, *B, *I e *H de κ-CN e *A, *B, *C, *D, *E, *F e *H de β-LG foram reconstruídas. As frequências alélicas e genotípicas foram estimadas para SNPs e para variantes de proteínas; o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e os valores de FST foram avaliados para cada um dos SNPs sob diferentes critérios de estruturação. Os valores de LD e as frequências haplotípicas foram estimados para as caseínas. As variantes mais frequentes foram CSN1S1*B (0.804), CSN2*A2 (0.509), CSN1S2*A (0.997), CSN3*A (0.679) e β-LG*B (0.657). Nenhuma das variantes apresentou desvios da HWE, mas o alelo CSN2*A2 apresentou uma leve tendência de aumento ao longo do tempo. Os valores de FST foram baixos (0.035) independentemente dos critérios de estruturação. Foram encontrados 28 haplótipos CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3, 22 deles com frequências <5%; os três mais frequentes foram BB-A1A2-AA-AA-AA-AA (16.6%), BB-A1A2-AA-AA-AA-AB (14.1%) e BB-A2A2-AA-AA-AA (10.1%). Foi relatado um bom potencial do gado BON para produzir leite de alta qualidade com valor funcional.
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