Glicerina bruta como alimento energético para vacas de leite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811711832019404Palavras-chave:
glicerol, metanol, aditivos sensoriais na alimentação animalResumo
A glicerina bruta é um resíduo oriundo da produção de biodiesel. Com o aumento da demanda por biodiesel nos últimos anos, houve também um aumento na produção de glicerina, um co-produto que não é utilizado pelas indústrias. Assim, novas alternativas podem ser viáveis, como o uso na alimentação de vacas leiteiras. O uso da glicerina na dieta dos animais demonstra ser uma alternativa viável no que diz respeito aos aspectos nutricionais e econômicos. Nosso objetivo nesta revisão foi abordar a utilização da glicerina em dietas de vacas leiteiras e seus possíveis efeitos sobre a produção de leite. Em vários estudos, é possível observar que a glicerina bruta pode ser incluída na dieta de ruminantes sem causar efeitos negativos sobre o metabolismo, fermentação ruminal e produção de leite. Estudos sobre os efeitos deletérios da inclusão de glicerina em bruto com alto teor de metanol na dieta de vacas leiteiras devem ser realizados.
Downloads
Referências
ABO EL-NOR SAH et al. 2010. Effects of differing levels of glycerol on rumen fermentation and bactéria. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 162: 99-105.
ANVISA. 1999. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Resolução nº 386, de 5 de agosto de 1999. Regulamento técnico sobre aditivos utilizados segundo as boas práticas de fabricação e suas funções. Available in: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/wps/wcm/connect/0556e3004745787485bdd53fbc4c6735/RESOLUCAO_386_1999.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Accessed in: April 22, 2014.
ANAND P & SAXENA RK. 2011. A comparative study of solvent-assisted pretreatment of biodiesel derived crude glycerol on growth and 1,3-propanediol production from Citrobacter freundii. New Biotechnology 29: 199-205.
AVILA JS et al. 2011. Effects of replacing barley grain in feedlot diets with increasing levels of glycerol on in vitro fermentation and methane production. Animal Feed Science Technology 166/167: 265-268.
AVILA JS et al. 2013. Effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. Journal of Animal Science 91: 829-837.
BARCELOUX DG et al. 2002. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. Journal of Clinical Toxicology 40: 415-446.
BIOFUEL DIGEST. 2013. Glycerine seen as potential renewable marine fuel. Washington, DC. Available in: https://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/tag/glycerin/. Accessed in: December 20, 2018.
BOYD J et al. 2011. Effects of the addition of direct-fed microbials and glycerol to the diet of lactating dairy cows on milk yield and apparent efficiency of yield. Journal of Dairy Science 94: 4616-4622.
BOYD J et al. 2013. Effects of feeding different amounts of supplemental glycerol on ruminal environment and digestibility of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 96: 470-476.
CAMPOS E et al. 2011. Lack of Aquaporin 3 in bovine erythrocyte membranes correlates with low glycerol permeation. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 408: 477-481.
CARVALHO ER et al. 2011. Replacing corn with glycerol in diets for transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94: 908-916.
CELIK E et al. 2008. Use of biodiesel byproduct crude glycerol as the carbon source for fermentation processes by recombinant Pichia pastoris. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 47: 2985-2990.
DASARI MA et al. 2005. Low-pressure hydrogenolysis of glycerol to propylene glycol. Applied Catalysis A: General 281: 225-231.
DONKIN SS et al. 2009. Feeding value of glycerol as a replacement for corn grain in rations fed to lactating dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science 92: 5111-5119.
ELLIOT JM. 1976. The glucose economy of the lactating dairy cow. In: Proceedings... Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers. New York: Cornell University. p. 59-66
FDA. 2006. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21. Vol. 6. 21CFR582.1320.
GARTON GA et al. 1961. Glyceride hidrolysis and glycerol fermentation by sheep rumen contents. Journal of General Microbiology 25: 215-225.
HANSEN CF et al. 2009. A chemical analysis of samples of crude glycerol from the production of biodiesel in Australia, and the effects of feeding crude glycerol to growing-finishing pigs on performance, plasma metabolites and meat quality at slaughter. Animal Production Science 49: 154-161.
HARZIA H et al. 2013. Crude glycerol as glycogenic precursor in feed; effects on milk coagulation properties and metabolic profiles of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research 80: 190-196.
HIPPEN AR et al. 2008. Glycerol and other energy sources for metabolism and production of transition dairy cows. In: Proc. Annual Florida Ruminat Nutrition Symposium. Proceedings... Gainesville: University of Florida. p.123.
HUB JS & GROOT BL. 2008. Mechanism of selectivity in aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105: 1198-1203.
HU S et al. 2012. Characterization of crude glycerol from biodiesel plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 60: 5915-5921.
JOHNSON DT & TACONI KA. 2007. The glycerin glut: options for the value added conversion of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel production. Environmental Progress 26: 338-348.
KERNS W et al. 2002. Formate kinetics in methanol poisoning. Journal of Toxicology 40: 137-143.
KING LS et al. 2004. From structure to disease: the envolving tale of aquaporin biology. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 5: 687-698.
KRAUT JA & KURTZ I. 2008. Toxic alcohol ingestions: clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 3: 208-225.
KRUEGER NA et al. 2010. Evaluation of feeding glycerol on free-fatty acid production and fermentation kinetics of mixed ruminal microbes in vitro. Bioresource Technology 101: 8469-8472.
LENG RA. 1970. Formation and production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen. In: PHILLIPSON AT. (Ed.). Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Oriel. p.406-421.
LIN ECC. 1977. Glycerol utilization and its regulation in mammals. Annual Review of Biochemistry 46: 765-795.
LINKE PL et al. 2004. Ruminal and plasma responses in dairy cows to drenching or feeding glycerol. Journal of Dairy Science 87: 343.
MAEDA N et al. 2008. Metabolic impact of adipose and hepatic glycerol channels aquaporin 7 and aquaporin 9. Nature Clinical Pratice: Endocrinology & Metabolism 4: 627-634.
MCCOY M. 2006. Glycerin surplus: plants are closing, and new uses for the chemical are being found. Chemical & Engineering News 84:7.
NRC. 2001. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 7.ed. Washington: National Academy. 381p.
NEUMANN L et al. 1999. Effect of methanol on methanogenesis and fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC). Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 82: 142-149.
OMAZIC AW et al. 2013. High- and low-purity glycerine supplementation to dairy cows in early lactation: effects on silage intake, milk production and metabolism. Animal 7: 1479-1485.
POL A & DEMEYER DI. 1988. Fermentation of methanol in the sheep rumen. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54: 832-834.
PYLE DJ et al. 2008. Producing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - rich algae from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol: effects of impurities on DHA production and algal biomass composition. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56: 3933-3939.
RÉMOND B et al. 1993. In vitro and in vivo fermentation of glycerol by rumen microbes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 41: 121-132.
ROJEK A et al. 2008. A current view of the mammalian aquaglyceroporins. Annual Review of Physiology 70: 301-327.
RØJEN BA et al. 2011. Short communication: effects of dietary nitrogen concentration on messenger RNA expression and protein abundance of urea transporter-B and aquaporins in ruminal papillae from lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 94: 2587-2591.
ROUSSEAUX CR et al. 1982. Methyl Alcohol Toxicity in Cattle. Canadian Veterinary Journal 23: 252.
ROUDIER N et al. 1998. Evidence for the presence of aquaporin-3 in human red blood cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 273: 8407-8412.
SANTIBANEZ C et al. 2011. Residual glycerol from biodiesel manufacturing, waste or potential source of bionergy: a review. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 71: 469-475.
SCHRÖDER A & SÜDEKUM KH. 1999. Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in diets for ruminants. In: New horizons for an old crop. Proceedings... Canberra: International Rapeseed. 241p.
SHIN JH et al. 2012. Effects of feeding crude glycerin on performance and ruminal kinetics of lactating Holstein cows fed corn silage- or cottonseed hull-based, low-fiber diets. Journal of Dairy Science 95: 4006-4016.
TAKATA K et al. 2004. Aquaporins: water chanel proteins of cell membrane. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 39: 1-83.
VANTCHEVA ZM et al. 1970. Rumen methanol in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Dairy Science 53: 1511-1514.
WILBERT CA et al. 2013. Crude glycerin as an alternative energy feedstuff for dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 183: 116-123.
WINSCO KN et al. 2013. Effect of methanol on intake and digestion in beef cattle. Texas Cattle Feeders Associaton. 7p.
ZACARONI OF. 2010. Resposta de vacas leiteiras à substituição de milho por glicerina bruta. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia). Lavras: UFLA. 43p.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2019 Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Os autores que publicam nesta revista estão de acordo com os seguintes termos:
a) Os autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista os direitos autorais da primeira publicação, de acordo com a Creative Commons Attribution Licence. Todo o conteúdo do periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons do tipo atribuição BY.
b) Autores têm autoridade para assumir contratos adicionais com o conteúdo do manuscrito.
c) Os autores podem fornecer e distribuir o manuscrito publicado por esta revista.