Rainwater harvesting roofs: insights of water quality and potential usage in rural areas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712132022354Keywords:
environmental factors, particulates, pollution, animal housingAbstract
Rainwater can be harvested from different roofs of rural buildings, which can be stored for multipurpose depending on its quality. This technical note describes rainwater quality collected directly from the atmosphere and after passing through four types of roofs that are: French ceramic (roof1/Agronomy school building), fiber cement (roof2/farm machinery shed), or French ceramic (roof3/sheep housing), and French ceramic (roof4- swine housing) located inside Agroveterinary School Campus (CAV/UDESC) in Lages, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The parameters analyzed were pH, color, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total coliforms, and thermotolerant coliforms. Results showed that pH “in natura” rainwater was variable and below 7.0 with an average of 6.02. However, after passing through the roof, there was an increase in the pH (average) to 6.34 (roof1), 6.90 (roof2), 7.14 (roof3) and 6.50 (roof4). The rainwater also presented variations in the parameters of turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and coliforms after passing through roofs. Thus, the rainwater can potentially be used for non-potable purposes, being then advised of their use without treatment for cleaning of nearby environments of these rural buildings, as well as the irrigation of trees and ornamental plants, among others.
Downloads
References
ABNT. 2019. Associação brasileira de normas técnicas. NBR 15527: aproveitamento de água de chuva de coberturas para fins não potáveis - requisitos. Rio de Janeiro: ABNT. 2ed. 8p.
ANABTAWI F et al. 2022. Heavy Metals in Harvested Rainwater Used for Domestic Purposes in Rural Areas: Yatta Area, Palestine as a Case Study. Int. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19: 2683.
CONAMA. 2005. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente Resolução 357 CONAMA (17 mar. 2005). Brasília: Diário Oficial da União 1: 58-63.
BRASIL. 2017. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria de consolidação Nº 5 (28 set. 2017). Brasília: Diário Oficial da União.
CALHEIROS HC et al 2014. Calidad de las aguas meteóricas en la ciudad de Itajubá, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ambiente & Água 9: 336-346.
CARDOSO CO et al. 2014. Generation of intensity duration frequency curves and intensity temporal variability pattern of intense rainfall for Lages/SC. Braz. arch. biol. technol. 57: 274-283.
COSGROVE WJ & LOUCKS DP 2015. Water management: Current and future challenges and research directions. Water Resources Research 51: 4823-4839.
HAGEMANN SE & GASTALDINI MCC 2016. Variação da qualidade da água de chuva com a precipitação: aplicação à cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 21: 525-536.
KUMAR P et al. 2014. Sources and processes governing rainwater chemistry in New Delhi, India. Natural Hazards 74: 2147-2162.
KUS B et al. 2013. Gravity driven membrane filtration system to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks. Water Science & Technology 13: 479–485.
INMET/BDMEP. 2016. Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Disponível em: https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br/. Access at: 05 dez. 2016.
MELVILLE-SHREEVE P et al. 2016. Rainwater harvesting typologies for uk houses: a multi criteria analysis of system configurations. Water 8: 129-147.
NAKADA LYK & MORUZZI RB 2014. Variabilidade qualitativa de águas pluviais coletadas em telhado e sua importância na concepção do sistema de tratamento. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental 19:1-9.
NICHOLLS S & CROMPTON J 2018. A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence of the Impact of Surface Water Quality on Property Values. Sustainability 10:1-30.
OTHMAN AA et al. 2020. GIS-Based Modeling for Selection of Dam Sites in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 9: 244.
OTHMAN AA et al. 2021. Insights for Landfill Site Selection Using GIS: A Case Study in the Tanjero River Basin, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Sustainability 13: 12602.
PINHEIRO LG & ARAÚJO ALC 2016. Qualidade e aproveitamento da água de chuva. Revista Holos 8: 135-146.
SÁ TSW et al. 2022. Assessing rainwater quality treated via a green roof system. Clean Techn Environ Policy 24: 645-660.
TEREZO RF et al. 2022. Cargas de vento e granizo e combinação última: estudo de caso. Conjecturas 22: 1345-1357.
TORRES A et al. 2013. Quality of rainwater runoff on roofs and its relation to uses and rain characteristics in the villa alexandra and acacias neighborhoods of Kennedy, Bogota, Colombia. Journal of Environmental Engineering 139: 1273-1278.
ZAVALA MAL et al. 2018. Rainwater harvesting as an alternative for water supply in regions with high water stress. Water Supply 18: 1946–1955.
ZERBINATTI OE et al. 2011. Qualidade da água proveniente da chuva coletada em diferentes tipos de telhados. Revista Engenharia Ambiental 8: 19-37.
WREGE MS et al. 2012. Atlas climático da região Sul do Brasil: estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. Brasília: Embrapa: 2.ed. 334p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Authors & Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors publishing in this journal are in agreement with the following terms:
a) Authors maintain the copyrights and concede to the journal the copyright for the first publication, according to Creative Commons Attribution Licence.
b) Authors have the authority to assume additional contracts with the content of the manuscript.
c) Authors may supply and distribute the manuscript published by this journal.
