A Criação e o Desenvolvimento Inicial das Forças de Defesa do Zimbábue (ZDF) 1980-93

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5965/2175180313322021e0104

Resumo

Em 2017 deu-se um Golpe de Estado no Zimbábue, um evento raro na parte sul de África, mas infelizmente comum no resto do continente. Este artigo aborda o início da politização das Forças de Defesa do Zimbábue (ZDF) durante os anos 1980. No final da guerra de independência em 1980, as ZDF formaram-se como uma amálgama de ex-militares da Rodésia e insurgentes dos movimentos de libertação da União do Povo Africano do Zimbábue (ZAPU) e da União Nacional Africano do Zimbábue (ZANU). Os militares da ZANU passaram a dominar as novas Forças Armadas do Zimbábue devido à falta de um acordo específico sobre o processo de integração, conseguindo pela superioridade numérica e o sucesso eleitoral da ZANU que lhe conferiu um poder político. Durante o exercício de integração da ZDF no início dos anos 1980, os conselheiros britânicos tentaram criar uma força de estilo ocidental, mas agiram pragmaticamente. Por outro lados instrutores norte-coreanos ajudaram a criar uma Brigada afiliada à ZANU funcionando como uma milícia do partido. Além disso, a desestabilização sul-africana e a rápida saída de ex-oficiais da Rodésia abriram espaço para a promoção acelerada de ex-insurgentes, na sua maioria filiados ao governo de ZANU. Por último, a maior “ZANUização” das ZDF ocorreram no contexto das operações no sudoeste do Zimbábue, onde eliminaram as forças da ZAPU como um movimento político de oposição e conduziu atrocidades. Tal como em Moçambique, onde as tropas do Zimbábue cooperaram como aliados de exércitos “politizados” de estados vizinhos.

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Biografia do Autor

Timothy Stapleton, University of Calgary

Ph.D. of History by Dalhousie University.

Professor at the Department of History of the University of Calgary

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Publicado

2021-04-30

Como Citar

STAPLETON, Timothy. A Criação e o Desenvolvimento Inicial das Forças de Defesa do Zimbábue (ZDF) 1980-93. Revista Tempo e Argumento, Florianópolis, v. 13, n. 32, p. e0104, 2021. DOI: 10.5965/2175180313322021e0104. Disponível em: https://revistas.udesc.br/index.php/tempo/article/view/2175180313322021e0104. Acesso em: 4 nov. 2024.